Uruguay+-+Yihai+Gu

Uruguay(Oriental Republic of Uruguay)

> > == == "The national flag of Uruguay (Pabellón Nacional) has a field of nine equal horizontal stripes alternating white and blue. The canton is white, charged with the Sun of May, from which 16 rays extend, alternating between triangular and wavy. The flag was first adopted by law on December 16, 1828 and had 17 stripes until July 11, 1830, when a new law reduced the number of stripes to nine. The flag was designed by Joaquín Suárez." (www.wikipedia.com)
 * ** Flag **

> media type="youtube" key="jc6L_0NZlqk" width="425" height="350" Orientals, the Fatherland or the grave,Liberty or with glory we die!Orientals, the Fatherland or the grave, Liberty or with glory we die! It is the vow that the soul pronounces, and which we, heroes, will fulfill! It is the vow that the soul pronounces, and which we, heroes, will fulfill. Which we will fulfill! It is the vow that the soul pronounces, and which we, heroes, will fulfill. Which we will fulfill! We will fulfill We will fulfill! We will fulfill! Liberty, Liberty, Orientals! This cry which saved the fatherland and which her brave, in fierce battles with sublime enthusiasm fill´d. Liberty, Liberty, Orientals! This cry which saved the fatherland and which her brave, in fierce battles with sublime enthusiasm fill'd. This Holy gift of Glory we have deserved Tyrants: Tremble ! Tyrants: Tremble ! Tyrants: Tremble ! Ah! Liberty in combat we will Cry Out! And even dying, Freedom we shall also Shout ! Liberty in combat we will Cry Out! And even dying, Freedom we shall also Shout ! And even dying, Freedom we shall also Shout ! Freedom we shall also Shout ! Freedom we shall also Shout ! Orientals, our nation or the grave, Liberty or with glory we die! Orientals, our nation or the grave, Liberty or with glory we die! It’s the vow that the soul pronounces, and which we, heroes, will fulfill. It’s the vow that the soul pronounces, and which we, heroes, will fulfill. Which we will fulfill! It’s the vow that the soul pronounces, and which we, heroes, will fulfill. Which we will fulfill! We will fulfill! We will fulfill! We will fulfill!
 * == National Anthem of Uruguay ==
 * Translated Short Version: **

Orientales, la Patria o la Tumba! Libertad o con gloria morir! (x2) Es el voto que el alma pronuncia, Y que heroicos sabremos cumplir! (x2)
 * Brief original lyrics (in Spanish) **

Libertad, libertad Orientales! Este grito a la Patria salvó. Que a sus bravos en fieras batallas De entusiasmo sublime inflamó. De este don sacrosanto, la gloria merecimos: tiranos temblad! Libertad en la lid clamaremos, Y muriendo, también libertad!

Dominado la Iberia dos mundos Ostentaba su altivo poder, Y a sus plantas cautivo yacía El Oriente sin nombre ni ser: Mas, repente sus hierros trozando Ante el dogma que Mayo inspiró, Entre libres, déspotas fieros, Un abismo sin puente se vió.

Su trozada cadena por armas, Por escudo su pecho en la lid, De su arrojo soberbio temblaron Los feudales campeones del Cid: En los valles, montañas y selvas Se acometen con muda altivez, Retumbando con fiero estampido Las cavernas y el cielo a la vez.

El estruendo que en torno resuena De Atahualpa la tumba se abrió, Y batiendo sañudo las palmas Su esqueleto, venganza! gritó: Los patriotas el eco grandioso Se electrizan en fuego marcial, Y en su enseña más vivo relumbra De los Incas el Dios inmortal.

Largo tiempo, con varia fortuna, Batallaron liberto, y señor, Disputando la tierra sangrienta Palmo a palmo con ciego furor. La justicia, por último, vence Domeñando las iras de un Rey; Y ante el mundo la Patria indomable Inaugura su enseña la ley.

Orientales, mirad la bandera, De heroísmo fulgente crisol; Nuestras lanzas defienden su brillo, Nadie insulte la imagen del Sol! De los fueros civiles el goce Sostengamos; y el código fiel Veneremos inmune y glorioso Como el arca sagrada Israel.

Porque fuese más alta tu gloria, Y brillacen tu precio y poder, Tres diademas, oh Patria, se vieron Tu dominio gozar, y perder. Libertad, libertad adorada, Mucho cuestas tesoro sin par! Pero valen tus goces divinos Esa sangre que riega tu altar

Si a los pueblos un bárbaro agita, Removiendo su extinto furor, Fratricida discordia evitemos, Diez mil tumbas recuerdan su horror! Tempestades el Cielo fulmina, maldiciones desciendan sobre él, Y los libres adoren triunfante de las leyes el rico joyel.

De laureles ornada brillando La Amazona soberbia del Sud, En su escudo de bronce reflejan Fortaleza, justicia y virtud. Ni enemigos le humillan la frente, Ni opresores le imponen el pie: Que en angustias selló su constancia Y en bautismo de sangre su fé.

Festejando la gloria, y el día De la nueva República el Sol, Con vislumbres de púrpura y oro, Engalana su hermoso arrebol. Del Olimpo la bóveda augusta Resplandece, y un ser divinal Con estrellas escribe en los cielos, Dulce Patria, tu nombre inmortal.

De las leyes el Numen juremos Igualdad, patriotismo y unión, Inmolando en sus aras divinas Ciegos odios, y negra ambición. Y hallarán los que fieros insulten La grandeza del Pueblo Oriental, Si enemigos, la lanza de Marte Si tiranos, de Bruto el puñal! Orientales, la Patria o la Tumba, Libertad o con gloria morir! Es el voto que el alma pronuncia, Y que heroicos sabremos cumplir!


 * ==Fast Facts==
 * 1) Formal Name: Oriental Republic of Uruguay
 * 2) Area: 176,000 square kilometers (68,000 sq mi)
 * 3) Location: Uruguay's only land border is with Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, to the north. To the west lies the Uruguay River and the estuary of the Río de la Plata to the southwest. To the southeast lies the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean.
 * 4) Capital: Montevideo
 * 5) Independence Day: 25 August 1825
 * 6) Population: 3,308,535 (133rd)
 * 7) Religion: Roman Catholic(45.7%), Non-Catholic Christian(9.0%), Nonsectarian believers(30.1%), Atheist(12.0%), Agonstic(2.0%), Other(1.2%)
 * 8) Official Language: Spanish
 * 9) Type of Government: Representative Democratic Republic
 * 10) Elections: Uruguay elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president and the vice-president are elected on one ballot for a five year term by the people. The General Assembly has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies has 99 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation. The Chamber of Senators has 31 members, 31 members elected for a five year term by proportional representation and the Vice-president. Uruguay has a multi-party system, with three dominant political parties, with extreme difficulty for anybody to achieve electoral success under the banner of any other party.
 * 11) Government Leader: José Mujica
 * 12) GDP: 50.908billion(2011 est.) 15656 per capita(2011 est.)
 * 13) GDP by sector: Agriculture 9.3%; Indutry 22.8%; Services 67.9%
 * 14) Currency : Uruguay Peso($, UYU)
 * 15) Calling code: +598
 * 16) Ethnic groups: 88% White, 8% Mestizo, 4% Black, 1%Amerindian
 * 17) Export: $7.413 billion (2010 est.)
 * 18) Import: $8.519 billion (2010 est.)
 * 19) Education: Education in Uruguay is secular, free, and compulsory for 14 years, starting at the age of 4. The system is divided into six levels of education: early childhood (3–5 years); primary (6–11 years); basic secondary (12–14 years); upper secondary (15–17 years); higher education (18 and up); and post-graduate education.

> ==== ==== "At 176,214 km2 (68,037 sq mi) of continental land 142,199 km2 (54,903 sq mi) of jurisdictional water and small river islands, Uruguay is the second smallest sovereign nation in South America (after Suriname) and the third smallest territory (French Guiana is the smallest).The landscape features mostly rolling plains and low hill ranges (cuchillas) with a fertile coastal lowland.A dense fluvial network covers the country, consisting of four river basins or deltas; the Río de la Plata, the Uruguay River, the Laguna Merín and the Río Negro. The major internal river is the Río Negro ('black river'). Several lagoons are found along the Atlantic coast.The highest point in the country is the Cerro Catedral whose peak reaches to 514 metres (1,686 ft) AMSL in the Sierra Carapé hill range. To the southwest is the Río de Plata, the estuary of the Uruguay River which forms the western border, and the Paraná River.Montevideo is the southernmost capital city in the Americas, and the third most southerly in the world (only Canberra and Wellington are further south).Uruguay has 660 km of coastline.There are nine National Parks in Uruguay. Five in the wetland areas of the east, three in the central hill country and one in the west along the Rio Uruguay." (www.wikipedia.com)
 * ==Geography==


 * ======** Maps **======




 * ** History Timeline **

1516 - Spanish navigator Juan Diaz de Solis killed by indigenous people while exploring the Rio de la Plata, his death discouraging further European colonisation for more than 100 years. 1726 - Spanish found Montevideo and take over Uruguay from the Portuguese; many of the indigenous people are killed. 1776 - Uruguay becomes part of the Vice-royalty of La Plata, which has its capital at Buenos Aires. 1808 - Uruguay rebels against the Vice-royalty of La Plata following the overthrow of the Spanish monarchy by Napoleon Bonaparte. 1812-20 - Orientales, or Uruguayans from the eastern side of the River Plata, fight against Argentinian and Brazilian invaders. Independence and war 1828 - Brazil, Argentina renounce claims to territories which become the Eastern Republic of Uruguay. 1830 - Constitution approved. 1838-65 - Civil war between Blancos, or Whites - the future conservative party - and Colorados, or Reds - the future liberals. 1865-70 - Uruguay joins Argentina and Brazil in war against Paraguay, which is defeated. 1903-15 - Reformist Jose Batlle y Ordonez (Colorado Party) gives women the franchise and establishes a welfare state, disestablishes the church and abolishes the death penalty during two successive terms as president. 1933 - Opposition groups excluded from politics following military coup. 1951 - President replaced with nine-member council in accordance with new constitution. Dictatorship, guerrilla warfare, return to democracy 1962 - Campaign by Tupamaros guerrillas begins and lasts until 1973. 1971 - British ambassador to Uruguay Geoffrey Jackson kidnapped by Tupamaros guerrillas and held for eight months. He is freed shortly after a mass jail break-out by Tupamaros convicts which officials deny was arranged in exchange for Jackson's release. 1972 - Sixteen survivors of a Uruguayan plane which crashes in the Andes stay alive by eating the flesh of passengers who died. The survivors, mainly members of a Uruguayan rugby team, are trapped for 10 weeks. 1973 - Armed forces seize power and promise to encourage foreign investment, but usher in a period of extreme repression during which Uruguay becomes known as "the torture chamber of Latin America" and accumulates the largest number of political prisoners per capita in the world. 1984 - Violent protests against repression and deteriorating economic conditions. 1985 - Army and political leaders agree on return to constitutional government and the release of political prisoners; law grants amnesty to members of the armed forces accused of human rights violations during years of dictatorship; Julio Maria Sanguinetti becomes president. 1989 - Referendum endorses amnesty for human rights abusers; Lacalle Herrera elected president. 1994 - Julio Maria Sanguinetti elected president. 1999 - Jorge Batlle elected president. 2000 - Commission begins investigating the fate of 160 people who disappeared during the years of military dictatorship. 2002 April - Uruguay breaks diplomatic ties with Cuba, after Cuba accuses it of being a US lackey for sponsoring a UN resolution which calls on Havana to implement human rights reforms.


 * ** Public Holidays in Uruguay **
 * Date || English name || Spanish name || Remarks ||
 * January 1 || [|New Year's Day] |||||| Año Nuevo ||
 * January 6 || [|Epiphany] |||||| Día de los Niños (Día de Reyes) ||
 * [|moveable] in late February or early March || [|Carnival] / [|Mardi Gras] || Carnaval ||  ||
 * [|moveable] in late March or early April || [|Holy week] || Semana de Turismo (Semana Santa) ||  ||
 * April 19 || [|Landing of the 33 Patriots Day] || Desembarco de los 33 Orientales ||  ||
 * May 1 || [|Labour Day] || Día de los Trabajadores ||  ||
 * May 18 || [|Battle of Las Piedras] || Batalla de las Piedras ||  ||
 * June 19 || Never Again Day and birthday of [|José Gervasio Artigas] || Día del Nunca Más y Natalicio de Artigas ||  ||
 * July 18 || [|Constitution Day] || Jura de la Constitución || To commemorate the promulgation of the First [|Constitution of Uruguay] in 1830 ||
 * August 25 || [|Independence Day] || Día de la Independencia || From the [|Empire of Brazil] in 1825 ||
 * October 12 || [|Discovery of America] || Descubrimiento de América ||  ||
 * November 2 || [|All Souls' Day] || Día de los Difuntos ||  ||
 * December 25 || [|Christmas] || Día de la Familia (Navidad) ||  ||


 * ** Famous Uruguayan **

Eduardo Acevedo Díaz (Villa de la Unión, Montevideo, 20 April 1851 – Buenos Aires, Argentina, 18 June 1921 was a Uruguayan writer, politician and journalist.



Gregorio Conrado Álvarez Armelino (born November 26, 1926 in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan general and former dictator. He served as the de facto president of Uruguay from 1981 until 1985.

Jorge Drexler (born Jorge Abner Drexler Prada; September 21, 1964) is an Uruguayan musician, actor, and doctor specialized on otolaryngology. In 2004 Drexler won wide acclaim after becoming the first Uruguayan ever to win an Academy Award. He won for composing the song "Al Otro Lado del Río" from The Motorcycle Diaries.


 * ** Places of Interests **

** Montevideo ** media type="youtube" key="Wrm0IgF7IQs" width="425" height="350"

Montevideo is the largest city, the capital, and the chief port of Uruguay.

Punta del Este media type="youtube" key="RcXNKxvH0FI" height="315" width="560"

Punta del Este is a resort town on the Atlantic Coast in the Maldonado Department of southeastern Uruguay.


 * ** Uruguay Football **

"The Uruguayan national football team represents Uruguay in international association football and is controlled by the Uruguayan Football Association, the governing body for football in Uruguay. The current head coach is Óscar Tabárez. The Uruguayan side is commonly referred to as La Celeste (The Sky Blue [One]) or Charrúas. Uruguay are the current reigning South American champions, having won the 2011 Copa América. Uruguay have won the Copa América a record 15 times. The team has twice won the FIFA World Cup, including the first World Cup in 1930 as hosts, defeating Argentina 4–2 in the final. They won their second title in 1950, upsetting hosts Brazil 2–1 in the final match, which received an attendance higher than any football match ever.  They have won the Gold Medals in football at the Summer Olympics twice, in 1924 and 1928, before the creation of the World Cup. Uruguay also won the 1980 Mundialito, a tournament among former World Cup champions. In total, Uruguay have won 20 official titles, an international record for the most international titles held by a country. Their success is amplified by the fact that the nation has a very small population of around 3.5 million inhabitants. Uruguay is by far the smallest country in the world to have won a World Cup in terms of population. The second smallest country, by population, to have won the World Cup is Argentina with a total population of over 40 million people. Uruguay is also the smallest country ever to win any World Cup medals; only six nations with a currently smaller population than Uruguay's have ever participated in any World Cup: Northern Ireland (3 times), Slovenia (twice), Wales, Kuwait, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. Uruguay is also the smallest nation to win Olympic gold medals in any team sport." (www.wikipedia.com)



"Prior to 1916, Uruguay played more than 30 matches, of which all but one were against Argentina. The inaugural Copa America provided Uruguay with more varied opposition. Victories over Chile and Brazil along with a tie against Argentina enabled Uruguay to win the tournament. The following year Uruguay hosted the competition, and retained the title by winning every game. The 1919 Copa America saw Uruguay's first defeat in the tournament, a 1–0 defeat in a playoff with Brazil which went to two periods of extra time, the longest Copa America match in history. In 1924 the Uruguay team traveled to Paris to become the first South American team to compete in the Olympic Games. In contrast to the physical style of the European teams of the era, Uruguay played a style based around short passes, and won every game, defeating Switzerland 3–0 in the gold medal match. In the 1928 Summer Olympics Uruguay went to Amsterdam to defend their title, again winning the gold medal after defeating Argentina 2–1 in the final. FIFA assumed the responsibility of the organization of the Football Games to be played by FIFA rules and the tournaments would be recognized as World Championships. It only happened twice (1924/1928 Summer Olympics Games) until the creation of it own FIFA World Championship (FIFA World Cup) in 1930. 1930 World Cup-winning Uruguay squad Following the double Olympic triumph, Uruguay was chosen as the host nation for the first World Cup, held in 1930, the centenary of Uruguay's first constitution. During the World Cup, Uruguay won all its matches, and converted a 1–2 half-time deficit to a 4–2 victory against Argentina at the Estadio Centenario. Due to the refusal of some European teams to participate in the first World Cup, the Uruguayan Football Association urged other countries to reciprocate by boycotting the 1934 World Cup played in Italy. For the 1938 World Cup, France was chosen as host, contrary to a previous agreement to alternate the Championships between South America and Europe, so Uruguay again refused to participate. Uruguay again won the World Cup in 1950, beating hosts Brazil in one of the biggest upsets in World Cup History. The final was at the Maracanã Stadium in Brazil. Uruguay came from behind to beat the host nation in a match which would become known as the Maracanazo. Many Brazilians had to be treated for shock after the event, such was the surprise of Uruguay's victory. After their fourth place finish in the 1954 World Cup, the team had mixed performances and after the fourth place finish in 1970, their dominance, quality and performance dropped. They were no longer a world football power and failed to qualify for the World Cup on 5 occasions in the last 9 times. They reached all time lows and were at one time 54th in the FIFA rankings. However, in 2010 a new generation of footballers created a team that is considered the best in the last 4 decades and caught attention by finishing fourth in the World Cup. A year later, they won the Copa America for the first time in 16 years and broke the record for the most successful team in South America." (www.wikipedia.com)
 * ** History of Uruguay Football: **


 * ** Famous Football Stars **

// __Diego Forlán__: //

"Diego Forlán Corazo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈdjeɣo foɾˈlan]; born 19 May 1979) is an Uruguayan footballer who plays as a striker for Internazionale and the Uruguayan national team. He is a two-time winner of both the Pichichi Trophy and the European Golden Shoe, and also received the Golden Ball as the best player at the 2010 World Cup. Forlán was born into a family of footballers; his father Pablo having played for São Paulo (1970–1975) and Uruguay in the 1966 and 1974 World Cups and his maternal grandfather, Juan Carlos Corazo, for Independiente in Argentina.  Forlán joined Independiente himself after rising through their youth team, and after a successful four-year spell, he signed for Manchester United of England's Premier League. His form for United was not as successful as at Independiente, although he won the Premier League in 2003 and the FA Cup in 2004. In the Summer of 2004 he moved on to La Liga side Villarreal. In his first season in Spanish football with Villarreal, Forlán scored 25 league goals and won the Pichichi Trophy. After two more successful seasons with Villarreal, Forlán joined Atlético Madrid, where he once again became the league's top scorer, and became the first player to win the Pichichi Trophy twice since Ronaldo achieved this feat in 2003–04. Forlán scored in Atlético's 2010 Europa League final victory against Fulham. In 2011 he joined Internazionale of Italy's Serie A. Forlán also has a successful international career, having scored 32 times for his country since his 2002 debut. He scored once at the 2002 World Cup in South Korea and Japan. He was the joint top scorer by scoring five times at the 2010 World Cup, in which he scored twice against the host nation South Africa, once against Ghana in the quarter-finals, once against the Netherlands in the semi-finals and once against Germany in the third place play-off. Despite being the joint top scorer in the tournament, Forlán did not receive an award for his goals due to tiebreakers. Forlán was however recognised with the Golden Ball award, given to the best player at the tournament. On 12 July 2011, at the 2011 Copa América in Argentina, Forlán earned his 79th Uruguayan cap, against Mexico, breaking the record held by former goalkeeper Rodolfo Rodriguez since 1986. Forlán is currently Uruguay's leading top scorer at international level in official matches." (www.wikipedia.com)

// __Luis Alberto Suarez__: // "Luis Alberto Suárez Díaz (born 24 January 1987) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays for Liverpool and the Uruguayan national team. Suárez was born in Salto, Uruguay, and moved with his family to Montevideo, where he grew up with a single mother and six siblings. In 2005, he began his professional career at Nacional in Montevideo. In 2006, at age 19, he moved to the Netherlands to play for Groningen in the Eredivisie. Suárez transferred to Ajax in 2007 and made a major impact at the Amsterdam club. In 2008–09 he was named club Player of the Year and he led Ajax in scoring, although he was suspended for both fighting with a teammate and for getting seven yellow cards during the season. The following year he was named the club captain, led the Eredivisie in scoring with 35 goals in 33 games and was named Dutch Footballer of the Year. He scored 49 goals in all competitions and Ajax won the KNVB Cup. In the 2010–11 season he scored his one hundredth Ajax goal and joined an elite group of players from the club, including Johan Cruyff, Marco van Basten and Dennis Bergkamp, to do so. That season he was also involved in an incident in which he bit the shoulder of PSV player Otman Bakkal during a game. He was branded the "Cannibal of Ajax" and suspended seven games. During his suspension, in January 2011, he transferred to Liverpool for €26.5 million (£22.8 million). During his partial season at Liverpool, Suárez helped the club move from twelfth in the league in mid-January to finish sixth. In February 2012 Suárez won his first trophy with Liverpool, as they won the League Cup. Suárez represented Uruguay in the 2007 U-20 World Cup. In 2007 he scored in his senior team debut against Colombia but was also sent off for a second yellow card. In the 2010 World Cup he played an important role in Uruguay's fourth place finish and scored three goals. He was also involved in one of the tournament's most controversial incidents in the final minutes of extra time against Ghana; he prevented a goal with his hands to save his team from losing. He was given a red card, but the ensuing penalty kick was missed; Uruguay advanced after winning the shootout. He was strongly criticized for this action, but also lauded as a hero for sacrificing himself for his team. In 2011, Suárez scored four goals for Uruguay as they won a record fifteenth Copa América, and he was named Player of the Tournament." (www.wikipedia.com)

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 * ** Bibliography & Credits **

Maps: [|__http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Uruguay_mapa.png__] Famous People : [|__http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_%C3%81lvarez__] Football Stars: [|__http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Diego_Forl%C3%A1n_-_Atl%C3%A9tico_de_Madrid.jpg__] [|__http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Luis_Su%C3%A1rez_vs._Netherlands.jpg__] Election: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Uruguay