Argentina

= =

toc Argentina ** (Spanish: Republica Argentina) ** >
 * =Flag=
 * [[image:800px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png height="250"]]
 * __ The national [|flag] of [|Argentina] is a [|triband], composed of three equally wide horizontal bands coloured [|light blue] , [|white] and light blue. There are multiple interpretations on the reasons for those colors. The flag was created by [|Manuel Belgrano] , in line with the recent creation of the [|Cockade of Argentina] , and was first raised at the city of [|Rosario] on February 27, 1812, during the [|Argentine War of Independence] . The [|National Flag Memorial] was later built on the site. __


 * = Maps =
 * [[image:argentina.gif]]
 * [[image:mapa-politico-argentina.jpg width="490" height="704"]]
 * [[image:mapa-fisico-argentina.jpg width="490" height="704"]]
 * media type="googlemap" key="http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=argentina&aq=&sll=-89.233219,4.21875&sspn=1.316758,128.847656&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Argentina&t=h&z=4&ll=-38.416097,-63.616672&output=embed" width="425" height="350"


 * = Anthem sound byte:"Marcha de la Patria" =
 * media type="file" key="Argentine National Anthem (English Subtitled) [www.keepvid.com].mp4" width="300" height="300"
 * íd, mortales, el grito sagrado:

> "¡Libertad! ¡Libertad! ¡Libertad!" > Oíd el ruido de rotas cadenas > ved en trono a la noble igualdad > > Ya su trono dignísimo abrieron > las Provincias Unidas del Sud > y los libres del mundo responden: > "¡Al gran pueblo argentino, salud!" > "¡Al gran pueblo argentino, salud!" > Y los libres del mundo responden: > "¡Al gran pueblo argentino, salud!" > Y los libres del mundo responden: > "¡Al gran pueblo argentino, salud!" > > Sean eternos los laureles, > que supimos conseguir, > que supimos conseguir. > Coronados de gloria vivamos... > O juremos con gloria morir! > O juremos con gloria morir! > O juremos con gloria morir! || Hear, mortals, the sacred cry:

> "Freedom! Freedom! Freedom!" > Hear the noise of broken chains, > see the noble Equality enthroned. > > Their most honorable throne have opened > the United Provinces of the South. > And the free ones of the world reply: > "To the great Argentine people, hail!" > "To the great Argentine people, hail!" > And the free ones of the world reply: > "To the great Argentine people, hail!" > And the free ones of the world reply: > "To the great Argentine people, hail!" > > May the laurels be eternal, > the ones we managed to win, > the ones we managed to win. > Let us live crowned in glory... > or let us swear in glory to die! > Or let us swear in glory to die! > Or let us swear in glory to die! ||

media type="file" key="Argentina - Turismo [www.keepvid.com].mp4" width="300" height="300" media type="file" key="I-1. Introduction- La Leti in Buenos Aires, Argentina [www.keepvid.com].flv" width="360" height="270"
 * =** Video **=


 * = Pictures =



** Formal Name: ** Argentine Republic ** Local Name: **// Argentina //** Local Formal Name: **  // República Argentina // **Location:** South America **Area:** 2766890km^2 **Population:** 33921833 **Capital City:** Buenos Aires (It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the [|Río de la Plata], on the southeastern coast of the [|South American] continent.)
 * = Facts box: =

**Language:** Spanish

**Religions:** Roman Catholic, Protestant


 * Government type: ** republic

Elections: The President and the Vice-President are elected in one ballot, for a four-year term, by direct popular vote, using a [|runoff voting] system: there must be a second round if no formula gets more than 45% of the affirmative valid votes, or more than 40% of the affirmative valid votes with a difference of 10 percentage points from the second formula, in quantity of affirmative valid votes.
 * Head of state: ** Cristina Fernández

**Voting:** The voting age is 18 and voting is compulsory for all Argentines between 18 and 70. 18-24 years of age for voluntary military service (18-21 requires parental permission); no conscription (2001)

**Educational system:** 14 years of compulsory education. Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.2% male: 97.2% female: 97.2% (2001 census) Rank: 70

**Exports:** fats, furs, leather, animal feed, cotton, fuels, oils and by-products. Vegetable and animal raw material accounted for a third of the export volume. Industrial goods are less than a sixth of the total exports.

**Imports:** Cars, chemicals, fuels, metallurgical minerals and metal manufactures are imported to a lesser extent.

** 1516- Juan Diaz de Solis, Spanish explorer, was killed on the coast of Argentina. ** ** 1535- Spanish conquistadors attempted to create a settlement in the Buenos Aires area but were driven away by the Karandias Indians. **** 1770-1779- Blacks were 1st brought to Argentina in the 1770s to toil on large haciendas and work as domestic servants. ** ** 1806- Jul 5, A Spanish army repelled the British during their attempt to retake Buenos Aires, Argentina. **** 1810- May 25, Argentina declared independence and began its revolt from Napoleonic Spain. **** 1810-1817- Colonial revolts against Spain started in Chile in 1810 and ended in victory in 1817 under the leadership of Bernardo O‘Higgins and **** Argentina‘s Jose de San Martin. **** 1813- Argentina was the first country in the Americas to abolish slavery. **** 1814- Jose Francisco de San Martin (1778-1850) became general in chief of Argentina’s Army of the North. His primary mission was to protect **** Argentina against Spanish royalists in Peru. **** 1815- Jose Francisco de San Martin, governor of Cuyo, Argentina, founded a militia and prepared for an attack on Spanish royalists in Chile. ** ** 1817- Feb 12, Argentina’s Jose de San Martin, having led a revolutionary army over the Andes into Chile, helped defeat the Spanish forces at **** Chacabuco. **** 1842- Italian revolutionary Garibaldi married Anita Ribeiro and joined the Uruguayan navy in a war against Argentina. **** 1845- Bernardino Rivadavia (b.1780), the first president of the United Provinces of Argentine (1826), died under exile in Spain. **** 1896- Argentina became the first nation to adopt fingerprint identification. **** 1907- Feb 8, Revolution broke out in Argentina. **** 1939 - Outbreak of World War II. Argentina proclaims its neutrality. **** 1942 - Argentina, along with Chile, refuses to break diplomatic relations with Japan and Germany after the Japanese attack on the US Pacific fleet **** at Pearl Harbour. **** 1944 - Argentina breaks diplomatic relations with Japan and Germany and declares war on them in 1945. ** ** 1997 - A judge in Spain issues orders for the arrest of former Argentine military officers on charges of participating in the kidnapping and killing of **** Spanish citizens during the 'Dirty War'. Argentine amnesty laws protect the accused. **** 2008 April - A Spanish court rejects a request from Buenos Aires to extradite former Argentine president Isabel Peron, wanted for alleged human **** rights abuses. **
 * = History timeline: =
 * Before 16 century, there are over three hundred thousand Indians. **
 * 1806- Jun 27, Buenos Aires was captured by British. **
 * 1816- Jul 9, Argentina declared independence from Spain. **
 * 1966 - Military rule is imposed again with a coup led by General Juan Carlos Ongania. **
 * 1992 - Argentina introduces a new currency, the peso. **


 * = Famous countrymen =
 * Bernardino de la Trinidad Gónzalez Rivadavia y Rivadavia (May 20, 1780 – September 2, 1845) was the first [|president] of [|Argentina], from February 8, 1826 to July 7, 1827 (Buenos Aires, May 20, 1780 - Cadiz, September 2, 1845). He was a politician of the United Provinces of Río de la Plata, Argentina today. He was the first President of the United Provinces of Río de la Plata, to exercise that office between February 8, 1826 and July 7, 1827. **
 * (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardino_Rivadavia) **


 * Juan Domingo Perón (Spanish pronunciation: [|[ˈxwan doˈmiŋɡo peˈɾon] ];), October 8, 1895 – July 1, 1974) was an [|Argentine] military officer, and [|politician] . Perón was three times elected as [|President of Argentina] though he only managed to serve one full term, after serving in several government positions, including the Secretary of Labor and the Vice Presidency. He would return to run for the presidency a third term in 1973 and served for nine months, until his death in 1974. Perón was succeeded by his wife and Vice President of Argentina [|María Estela Martínez] . **
 * (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Perón) **

** Rnesto "Che" Guevara (Spanish pronunciation: [|[ˈtʃe geˈβaɾa]] ;[5] June 14,[1] 1928 – October 9, 1967), commonly known as El Che or simply Che, was an [|Argentine][|Marxist][|revolutionary], physician, author, [|intellectual] , [|guerrilla] leader, [|diplomat] and military theorist. A major figure of the [|Cuban Revolution], his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous [|countercultural] symbol of [|rebellion] and global insignia [|within popular culture]. ** ** (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che_Guevara) **


 * Diego Armando Maradona (Spanish pronunciation: [|[ˈðje] [|ɣ] [|o maɾaˈðona]] ; born 30 October 1960) is a former [|Argentine football] player. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest football players of all time.[1] Over the course of his professional club career Maradona played for [|Argentinos Juniors], [|Boca Juniors] , [|Barcelona] , [|Napoli] , [|Sevilla] and [|Newell's Old Boys] , setting world-record contract fees. In his international career, playing for [|Argentina] , he earned 91 [|caps] and scored 34 goals. **
 * (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Maradona) **

> ==Iguazu falls:== > media type="file" key="Iguazu Falls, Brazil - Destination X [www.keepvid.com].mp4" width="300" height="300"
 * **Attractions**

Tengo:
** Argentine tango ** is a [|social dance] and [|musical genre], written in 4/4 [|measure] and with binary [|musical form]. Its lyrics and music are marked by [|//nostalgia//], expressed through melodic instruments like the [|bandoneon]. Originated at the ending of the 19th century in the suburbs of [|Buenos Aires], it quickly grew in popularity and was internationally spread. Among its leading figures are the singer and songwriter [|Carlos Gardel], composers like [|Mariano Mores] and musicians like [|Osvaldo Pugliese] and [|Ástor Piazzola]. media type="file" key="Argentine Tango [www.keepvid.com].mp4" width="300" height="300"


 * = Major holidays with explanations and dates =
 * December 25th is the Christmas Day of Argentina. It is a tradition holiday in Argentina, and they have the same Christmas traditions with America. People decorate the their house with nativity scenes; they hang small colorful lights and small balls on the Christmas tree. People make banquet to celebrate late in evening of December 24th. Because of Argentina is located at the Southern Hemisphere, so Christmas occurs in summer. However, Argentines still eat the winter holiday food, such as roasted pork, roasted turkey, mince pies and so on. Furthermore, they also eat some summer food, for example, the grilled meats, vegetables and Salas. Some summer desserts like ice cream and fresh fruit can be seen on the Christmas table. People drink champagne, which is a mixture of wine. After the Christmas, on January 6th, which is the day of the Three Kings. In that day, three kings took many gifts to the baby of Jesus. Children always put some water and food under the window, because they think the three kings will stop and leave gifts to them.**


 * January 1st is the New Year’s Day of the Argentina. People celebrate it at midnight by a dinner and fireworks. In Argentina, people always run around the house with a suitcase, because they believe after do that; they can travel better next year. More interesting, Argentines eat beans on that day; it means they can get a better job next year.**

The Argentina national football team ( [|Spanish] : //Selección de fútbol de Argentina//) represents [|Argentina] in [|association football] and is controlled by the [|Argentine Football Association] (AFA), the governing body for [|football in Argentina]. Argentina's home stadium is Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti and their head coach is Sergio Batista. Argentina shares with [|Uruguay] the record of most international titles won by a national team (with 19). The team is currently fifth in the [|FIFA World Rankings]. Argentina has twice won the [|FIFA World Cup], in [|1978] and [|1986]. Along [|Brazil] and [|Spain], they are the only teams that have won the competition outside their continental zone. Argentina has also won the [|Copa América] (top continental competition) 14 times, a record shared with Uruguay, the [|Confederations Cup] in [|1992] and the [|Olympic tournament] in [|2004] and [|2008]. Argentina and [|France] are the only two national teams that have won the three most important men's titles recognized by [|FIFA] : the World Cup, the Confederations Cup, and the Olympic tournament. They have both also won their respective continental championship ( [|Copa América] for Argentina, and [|UEFA European Football Championship] for France).
 * =**Sports**=

// La Selección // (national team), also known as the //Albicelestes// (Light blue and whites), has appeared in four World Cup finals, including the first final in [|1930], which they lost 4–2 to [|Uruguay]. Argentina won in their next final in [|1978], beating the [|Netherlands] 3–1. Argentina, led by [|Diego Maradona] won again in [|1986], a 3–2 victory over [|West Germany]. Their most recent World Cup final was in [|1990], which they lost 1–0 to Germany by a much-disputed penalty. Argentina's World Cup winning managers are [|César Luis Menotti] in 1978, and [|Carlos Bilardo] in 1986. Argentina has been very successful in the [|Copa América], winning it fourteen times and also winning the 'extra' South American Championships in 1941, 1945 and 1946. The team also won the [|FIFA Confederations Cup] and the [|Kirin Cup], both in 1992, and an Argentine team (with only three players of over 23 years of age included in the squad) won the [|Olympics] football tournaments in [|Athens 2004] and [|Beijing 2008]. Argentina also won six of the fourteen [|football competitions at the Pan American Games], winning in [|1951] , [|1955] , [|1959] , [|1971] , [|1995] and [|2003]. In March 2007, Argentina reached the top of the [|FIFA World Rankings] for the first time.
 * == History ==

( [|Argentine Football Association] ) || __** Lionel Andrés "Leo" Messi ** (Spanish pronunciation: [|[ljoˈnel anˈdɾes ˈmesi]] ; born 24 June 1987) is an [|Argentine] [|footballer] who currently plays for [|FC Barcelona] and the [|Argentina national team] as a [|forward] or [|winger]. Considered one of the best football players of his generation, Messi received several [|Ballon d'Or] and [|FIFA World Player of the Year] nominations by the age of 21 and won both by the age of 22. He also won the [|2010] [|FIFA Ballon d'Or] at the age of 23. His playing style and ability have drawn comparisons to [|Diego Maradona], who himself declared Messi as his "successor". __ __** ( [] ) **__
 * **[|Nickname(s)]** || // La Albiceleste // (The White and Sky blue) ||
 * **Association** || // Asociación del Fútbol Argentino //
 * ** Confederation ** || [|CONMEBOL] ( [|South America] ) ||
 * ** Head coach ** || [|Sergio Batista] ||
 * ** Captain ** || [|Javier Mascherano] ||
 * ** Most [|caps] ** ||  [|Javier Zanetti] (140) ||
 * ** Top scorer ** || [|Gabriel Batistuta] (56) ||
 * ** Home stadium ** || [|El Monumental] ||
 * [|**FIFA code**] || ARG ||
 * [|**FIFA ranking**] || 5 ||
 * ** Highest FIFA ranking ** || 1 (March 2007, October 2007 – June 2008) ||
 * ** Lowest FIFA ranking ** || 24 (August 1996) ||
 * [|**Elo ranking**] || 5 ||
 * ** Highest Elo ranking ** || 1 (most recently in July 2007, 34 times in total) ||
 * ** Lowest Elo ranking ** || 28 (June 1990) ||
 * ===** My favorite soccer star: **===

__ [] __ __ [] __ __ [] __ __ [] __ __ [] __ __ [] __ __ [] __ __ [] __ __ [] __ __ [] __ __ [] __ __ http://argentinastravel.com/390/down-the-devils-throat-a-trip-to-la-garganta-del-diablo-in-iguazu-falls-park/ __ __ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardino_Rivadavia __ __ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Perón __ __ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che_Guevara __ __ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Maradona __ __ [] __ __ [] __
 * =Credits:=


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