Peru+-+Noelle+Giguere

= Welcome to Peru! = toc Noelle Giguere

The official name of Peru is Reublica del Peru.



=The Peruvian Flag= = = The Peruvian flag is made up of three equal vertical bands with one symbol in the middle. The Red stripes in the flag are representing the blood lost from those who sacrificed themselves for their freedom. The white stripe in the flag is a symbol of peace. The emblem in the middle of the flag is the national coat of arms.

=The Peruvian National Anthem= media type="youtube" key="4NIUhpCaUIU" height="315" width="420" = =

National Anthem of Peru was first created in 1822.

**The Peru Anthem in Spanish**
// Chorus //

Somos libres, seámoslo siempre, seámoslo siempre,

Y antes niegue sus luces el sol,

Que faltemos al voto solemne

Que la Patria al Eterno elevó.

Que faltemos al voto solemne

Que la Patria al Eterno elevó.

// Verse //

Largo tiempo el peruano oprimido

la ominosa cadena arrastró,

Condenado a cruel servidumbre

largo tiempo en silencio gimió.

Mas apenas el grito sagrado

¡Libertad en sus costas se oyó!

La indolencia de esclavo sacude,

la humillada cerviz levantó.

** The Peru Anthem in English **
//Chorus//

We are free; let us always be so,

And let the sun rather deny its light

Than that we should fail the solemn vow

Which our country raised to God.

Than that we should fail the solemn vow

Which our country raised to God.

//Verse//

For a long time the Peruvian, oppressed,

Dragged the ominous chain;

Condemned to cruel serfdom,

For a long time he moaned in silence.

But as soon as the sacred cry of

Freedom! was heard on his coasts,

He shook off the indolence of the slave,

He raised his humiliated head.

=Maps of Peru=

Geographical Map of Peru


=Facts About Peru=


 * Peru is located at the western part of South America, and is on the South Pacific Ocean. Peru is bordered by Ecuador, Columbia, Brazil, and Bolivia.


 * The area of Peru is 1,285,220 sq. km. The population of Peru is 29,076,512.


 * The capital of Peru is Lima.


 * Since 2007 the literacy rate is from the age of fifth-teen and over can read. The percentage of males that can read is 96.4%, and the percentage rate of females that can read is 89.4%. That's a total of 92.9% of the population that can read.


 * Peru's education policy requires children from the age of seven to six-teen. Secondary education is free.


 * The dominant religion of Peru is Catholic. More than 75% of the population of the country is Catholic. The rest of the population studies less popular religions such as: protestant, atheism, Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormons, Adventists, Buddhists, Muslims, Hindus, Hare Krishnas, and agnosticism.


 * The official language of Peru is Spanish. Immigrant languages are North Bolivian Quechua, Aymara, Campa, Aguaruno, and Chinese.


 * The constitution of Peru was was formed on December 31, 1993. Before 1992 the Peruvian government was a civilian government. It is now a constitutional republic government. Peru's government has a president, a chief of state, and head of government. There are elections appoint new members of government. The president of Peru is Ollanta Hulama. The vice president is Marisol Espinoza Cruz.


 * Peru's major exports are fish products, minerals, agricultural products, petroleum products, and textiles. The United States, China, and European Union are Peru's major export partners. Peru's major imports are plastics, machinery, vehicles, iron, steel, wheat, and paper. Brazil, Ecuador, The United States, China, and the European Union are Peru's major import partners.

=Peruvian National Holidays=

Chart from -
 * January 1 || News Year's Day || Año Nuevo ||
 * April/May || Maundy Thursday || Jueves Santo ||
 * April/May || Good Friday || Viernes Santo ||
 * May 1 || Labor Day || Día del Trabajador ||
 * June 29 || St. Peter and St. Paul Day || Día de San Pedro y San Pablo ||
 * July 28 and 29 || Independence Day || Día de la Independencia (Fiestas Patrias) ||
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">August 30 || <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">St. Rose of Lima Day || <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Día de Santa Rosa de Lima ||
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">October 8 || <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Battle of Angamos || <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Combate de Angamos ||
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">November 1 || <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">All Saints' Day || <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Día de Todos los Santos ||
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">December 8 || <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Immaculate Conception || <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Inmaculada Concepción ||
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">December 25 || <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Christmas Day || <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Navidad ||

[]

=Famous People Of Peru=

" <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;">

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0e4d8b; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;">[|**Shalom Aleichem**] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">Biography of Shalom Aleichem: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">1859 - Aleichem was born in on March 2, 1859. 1873-1876 - Attended and graduated from a Russian gymnasium. 1879 - Published his writings. 1883 - Married Olga Loev on May 12, 1883. 1888-1889 - Published two almanac issues, The Yiddish Popular Library. 1890 - Lost his wealth in a stock speculation.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0e4d8b; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;">

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0e4d8b; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;">[|**Isabel Allende**] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">Biography of Isabel Allende: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">1942 - Allende was born in Lima, Peru on August 2, 1942. 1959 - Worked at the United Nations's Food and Agriculture Organization in Santiago. 1962 - Married Miguel Frias. 1963 - Had a job <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">which concerns translating Romance novels from English to Spanish. 1967 - Worked as an editorial staff for Paula Magazine. 1973 - 1974. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #009900; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0e4d8b; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;">

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0e4d8b; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;">[|**Fernando Belaunde Terry**] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">Biography of Fernando Belaunde Terry: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">1912 - Born on the 7th of October in Lima, Peru. - Attended High School and received his initial University education in engineering. 1930 - Studied architecture in the United States, where Fernando Belaunde Terry first attended the University of Miami.1935 - Transferred to the University of Texas at Austin. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #009900; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0e4d8b; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;">

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0e4d8b; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;">[|**Oscar Raimundo Benavides Canseco**] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">Biography of Oscar Raimundo Benavides Canseco: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">1876 - Born on the 15th of March. 1894 - Attending the Guadalupe High School in Lima, Benavides entered the Military School and the “Dos de Mayo” Artillery Brigade.1901 - Oscar Raimundo Benavides Canseco was promoted to Captain.1906 - At age 30, Oscar Raimundo Benavides Canseco graduated with top grades. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0e4d8b; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;">

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0e4d8b; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;">[|**Jose Luis Bustamente y Rivero**] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">Biography of Jose Luis Bustamente y Rivero: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">1894 - Born on January 15th in Arequipa. Peruvian politician. - Jose Luis Bustamente y Rivero received his Law degree from the Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa and his Ph.D. from the Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad in Cuzco.1930 - Bustamante y Rivero reached political maturity. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0e4d8b; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;">

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0e4d8b; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;">[|**Carlos Cesar Aranha Castaneda**] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">Biography of Carlos Cesar Aranha Castaneda: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">1925 - Born on December 25th in Cajamaru, Peru. Peruvian author.1955 - Castaneda enrolled in Los Angeles Community College. 1957 - Became a naturalized American citizen.1958 - Castaneda worked at the Mattel Toy Company plant on Rosecrans Ave. and Hawthorne.1959 - Castaneda graduated from LACC with an Associate of Arts degree." <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">List of famous people from - <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454545; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> []

=Video of Lima, Peru= media type="youtube" key="nkNxWAOj3Eg" height="532" width="952"

Travel to Lima, Peru! Lima is a very exciting place to visit.

=Gian Marco= media type="youtube" key="0dhd57npfK8" height="315" width="560"

media type="youtube" key="A73f--Bposg" height="407" width="545"

Gian Marco is a very talented singer-song writer. He was born in Lima, Peru on August 17, 1970.

Childhood
At age five, Gian Marco went to a station in Buenos Aires Argentina where he did his first television commercial. When he was just eleven years old he participated with the making of the musical Papito Piernas Largas with his mother by recording a piece of music on the soundtrack. Throughout Gian Marco's childhood he continually worked with his music to better his talent at singing and songwriting. By the age of eight-teen Gian decided to showcase his music and his name started to be recognized by many.

Albums
In 1989 Gian Marco went back to Lima, Peru for the Festival OTI. While he was there Discos Independientes, a record label, suggested recording his first album. His first album was named Gian Marco, and it came out in the early 1990's. By 1992 Gian Marco had recorded his second album named, Personal. It was produced in Santiago, Chile by Pepe Ortega. In September 1993 Gian won the national version of the Festival OTI. The International Festival was in Valencia, Spain. Gian Marco recorded twice more in 1994 and in 1997, and multiple times after that. In 2002 he recorded and sold over 50,000 copies in Spain and thousands more around the world. He won the Artista Revelación Latino prize in the Musical Arts Awards of the Sociedad General de Autores y Editores de España in 2003. Gian recorded again in 2004. He was a winner of the Grammy Latino in 2005. Gian's latest album was released on November 17, 2006.

= Peru's Historical Timeline =

Historical facts from - http://www.sacred-destinations.com/peru/peru-timeline.htm = = = Websites =
 * 20,000-10,000 BC || The earliest settlers, most likely migrants from Asia, arrive in Peru. ||
 * 3000 BC || Cotton is first cultivated in Peru. ||
 * 1000 BC || Rise of Chavín cult in the central Andes. ||
 * 900 BC || Establishment of Chavín de Huántar. ||
 * 700 BC || Rise of Paracas culture in the southern desert. ||
 * 300 BC-700 AD || Rise of Nazca culture; Nazca Lines drawn. ||
 * 100 BC || Earliest burials at Paracas Necropolis. ||
 * 200 AD || Consolidation of Moche Dynasty in northern Peru. ||
 * 300 AD || Burial of Lord of Sipán. ||
 * 375-500 || Rise of the Huari-Tiahuanaco Empire. ||
 * 900 || Lambayeque and Cajamarca cultures appear in the northern Andes. ||
 * 1000 || Appearance of the Chimú culture. ||
 * 1150 || Construction of Chan Chan begins. ||
 * 1200 || Chimú and Chancay cultures established; Manco Cápac becomes the first Inca (emperor) and founds the Inca Empire. ||
 * 1300 || Ica-Chincha culture flourishes in south-central Peru. ||
 * 1350 || Inca Roca (6th Inca) establishes Cusco dynasty. ||
 * 1375 || Chimú takeover of Moche territory. ||
 * 1400 || Tschudi Palace at Chan Chan built. ||
 * 1438 || Reign of the Inca Pachacútec; Sacsayhuamán & Machu Picchu are built. ||
 * 1460 || Inca conquest of southern desert coast. ||
 * 1465 || Incas dominate the territory from the northern Andes to Ecuador. ||
 * 1527 || Epidemic of smallpox fells the Inca Huayna Cápac. Before his death, the Inca divided the empire in two, giving the northern territory to his son Atahualpa, and the southern half to his other son, Huáscar. Civil war ensues. ||
 * 1530 || Francisco Pizarro's third expedition leaves Panama and arrives in Tumbes. ||
 * 1532 || Atahualpa defeats his brother to gain control of the Inca Empire. Pizarro enters Cajamarca and captures Atahualpa, whom he jails. Atahualpa offers a ransom of gold and silver to win his release. ||
 * 1533 || Spaniards assassinate Atahualpa and name Topa Hualpa his successor (who serves as puppet Inca); Cusco is sacked and burned by Spaniards. ||
 * 1535 || Francisco Pizarro establishes Lima and makes it the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru. ||
 * 1541 || Francisco Pizarro is killed in Lima. ||
 * 1572 || Tupac Amaru, the last Inca emperor, is captured and executed. ||
 * 1780 || Tupac Amaru II, an Indian noble who claims to be descended from the final Inca emperor, leads a failed revolt against Spanish. ||
 * 1821 || General José de San Martín captures Lima and proclaims Peru's independence. ||
 * 1824 || Peru defeats Spain and becomes the last colony in Latin America to gain its independence. ||
 * 1836-39 || Peru and Bolivia join together in a short-lived confederation. ||
 * 1849-74 || Chinese workers numbering up to 100,000 arrive in Peru as menial laborers. ||
 * 1866 || Peru wins a brief war with Spain. ||
 * 1870s || The rubber boom in the Peruvian Amazon begins. ||
 * 1879-83 || Chile defeats Peru and Bolivia in the War of the Pacific; Peru loses southern territory to Chile. ||
 * 1884 || Treaty of Ancón gives Chile the Peruvian province of Tarapaca. ||
 * 1924 || Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre sets up the nationalist American Revolutionary Popular Alliance (APRA) in exile in Mexico. ||
 * 1941 || Peru goes to war with Ecuador over the northern Amazon; the border dispute results in the 1942 treaty of Rio de Janeiro, which gives the land to Peru. ||
 * 1945 || Civilian government led by center-left APRA assumes power after free elections. ||
 * 1948 || A coup d'état installs a military government led by General Manuel Odría. ||
 * 1963 || Peru returns to civilian rule; Fernando Belaúnde Terry becomes the president. ||
 * 1968 || The civilian government is ousted in a coup led by General Juan Velasco Alvarado. ||
 * 1969 || Large-scale land reform and nationalization programs are initiated. ||
 * 1975 || Velasco is ousted in a coup led by Gen. Morales Bermúdez. ||
 * 1980 || Peru returns to civilian rule with the re-election of Fernando Belaúnde. Maoist terrorist organization the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) and a smaller group, Tupac Amaru (MRTA), launch an armed guerrilla struggle. ||
 * 1981 || Peru enters into a border war with Ecuador over Cordillera del Cóndor (in Peruvian possession, according to the 1942 protocol). ||
 * 1982 || Debt crisis; deaths and "disappearances" escalate following a military crackdown on guerrillas and drug traffickers. ||
 * 1985 || APRA candidate Alan García Pérez wins the presidency with promises to rid Peru of its military and police "old guard." Belaúnde becomes the first elected president to turn over power to a constitutionally elected successor since 1945. ||
 * 1987 || New Libertad movement led by Mario Vargas Llosa, Peru's best-known novelist, blocks plans to nationalize banks. ||
 * 1988 || Hyperinflation and bankruptcy rock Peru; the country seeks assistance from the International Monetary Fund. Shining Path's guerrilla bombing and assassination campaign intensifies. ||
 * 1990 || Human rights groups estimate as many as 10,000 political murders (including thousands of campesinos) in Peru. Alberto Fujimori, son of Japanese immigrants, runs on an anticorruption platform and defeats the novelist Mario Vargas Llosa for the presidency. Fujimori institutes severe austerity measures and privatization programs. ||
 * 1992 || Citing continued terrorism, drug trafficking, and corruption, Fujimori dissolves Congress, suspends the Peruvian constitution, and imposes censorship. Shining Path leader Abimael Guzmán is arrested and sentenced to life in prison. ||
 * 1993 || A new constitution is adopted, allowing Fujimori to seek re-election. ||
 * 1994 || Six thousand Shining Path guerrillas surrender to authorities. ||
 * 1995 || Fujimori is re-elected to a second term. Fighting erupts again along the border with Ecuador. ||
 * 1997 || El Niño -- the worst of the century -- causes severe drought in Peru. ||
 * 1999 || Ecuador and Peru sign a treaty ending 6 decades of dispute over a section of the Amazon. ||
 * 2000 || Fujimori is re-elected by landslide to a third 5-year term; his opponent, Alejandro Toledo, charges fraud and withdraws from the election. Scandal erupts when Fujimori's chief of intelligence, Vladimiro Montesinos, is caught on videotape attempting to bribe an opposition politician. Fujimori, fending off charges of embezzlement and government drug trafficking, resigns and goes into exile in Japan. The Peruvian Congress declares Fujimori "morally unfit" to govern; it swears in Valentín Paniagua as interim president. ||
 * 2001 || A Peruvian judge orders Fujimori to appear in court on charges of dereliction of duty. Montesinos, the ex-spy chief, is captured in Venezuela. A plane carrying American missionaries is shot down over the Amazon by the Peruvian military. Alejandro Toledo becomes Peru's first president of native Indian origin and holds his ceremony at Machu Picchu. A massive earthquake rocks Arequipa and southern Peru. In December, a fireworks explosion in downtown Lima ignites a horrific fire that kills 290 people. ||
 * 2002 || Peruvian authorities issue a new international arrest warrant seeking to extradite former president Fujimori from Japan to face charges of corruption and human rights abuses in Peru. A Shining Path car bomb kills 10 people outside of the U.S. embassy in Lima days before Bush's visit to Peru. ||
 * 2003 || Farmers and teaches strike, prompting Toledo to declare a state of emergency. Shining Path terrorists stage two attacks. Toledo names the first female prime minister in a cabinet shakeup; 6 months later, in another reshuffling, he fires her. Interpol issues an arrest warrant for Fujimori, alleging involvement with paramilitary death squads. Congress requests Fujimori's extradition from Japan and issues new charges of arms trafficking, torture, and student disappearances. ||

http://cdn.thenextweb.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2012/02/peruvian-flag-by-staypuftman-520x245.jpg

http://www.travimp.com/images/maps/peru.gif

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIUhpCaUIU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQrKIOP0apA&feature=related

http://www.sacred-destinations.com/peru/peru-timeline.htm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dhd57npfK8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A73f--Bposg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Marco_Zignago

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[|http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Peru-ENVIRONMENT.html#b]

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=Bibliography=

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